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The Application of the Constitution
[1] Festivals approving the federation of all the National Guards in
France. (SR.)
[2] See the address of the commune of Paris, June 5, 1790. "Let the
most touching of all utterances be heard on this day (the
anniversary of the taking of the Bastille), Frenchmen, we are
brothers! Yes, brothers, freemen and with a country!" Roux et
Buchez, VI. 275.
[3] Buchez and Roux, IV. 3, 309; V. 123; VI. 274, 399. -
Duvergier, Collection of Laws and Decrees. Decree of June 8 and 9,
1790.
[4] For one who, like myself, has lived for years among the Moslems,
the 5 daily ritual prayers all performed while turned towards Mecca,
this description of the French taking of the oath, has something
familiar in it. (SR.)
[5] Michelet, "Histoire de la Révolution Française," II, 470, 474.
[6] De Ferrières, II. 91. - Albert Babeau, I. 340. (Letter
addressed to the Chevalier de Poterat, July 18, 1790.) - De
Dampmartin, "Evénements qui se sont passés sous mes yeux,"etc., 155.
[7] One may imagine the impression Taine's description made upon the
thousands of political science students and others in the years
after this book was printed and widely sold all over Europe. (SR.)
[8] Sauzay, I. 202.
[9] Albert Babeau, ib. I, 339 - De Ferrières, II, 92.
[10] "Archives Nationales," H. 1453, Correspondence of M. de
Bercheney, May 23, 1790.
[11] "Archives Nationales," ibid, May 13, 1790. "M. de la
Rifaudière was dragged from his carriage and brought to the guard-
house, which was immediately filled with people, shouting, 'To the
lamp post, the aristocrat!' - The fact is this: after his having
repeatedly shouted Vive le Roi et la Nation! They wanted him to
shout Vive la Nation! alone, upon which he gave Vive la Nation tant
qu'elle pourra." - At Blois, on the day of the Federation, a mob
promenades the streets with a wooden head covered with a wig, and a
placard stating that the aristocrats must be decapitated.
[12] Might Freud ( 1856- 1939) have been inspired, directly or
indirectly, by Taine's observation? 'La Révolution' vol. I, was
published in 1877 when Freud was 21 years old!! (SR.)
[13] Mercure de France, the articles by Mallet du Pan (June 18th and
August 16, 1791; April 14, 1792).
[14] Moniteur, IV. 560. (sitting of June 5, 1790) report of M.
Freteau. "These facts are attested by fifty witnesses." - Cf.
The number of April 19, 1791.
[15] Solon was a famous legislator who reformed Athens some 2500
years ago. (SR.)
[16] "Archives Nationales," KK, 1105, Correspondence of M. de
Thiard, military commandant in Brittany (September, 1789), "There
are in every petty village three conflicting powers, the présidial,
the bourgeois militia, and the permanent committee. Each is anxious
to outrank the other, and, on this occasion, a scene happened to
come under my eyes at Landivisiau which might have had a bloody
termination, but which turned out to be simply ridiculous. A lively
dispute arose between three speakers to determine which should make
the first address. They appealed to me to decide. Not to offend
either of the parties, I decided that all three should speak at the
same time; which decision was immediately carried out.
[17] Decree of August 10-14, 1789.
[18] "Archives Nationales," KK, 1105. Correspondence of M. de
Thiard, September 21, 1789. "The troops now obey the municipalities
only." -- Also July 30th, August 11, 1790.
[19] "Archives Nationales," KK, 1105. Correspondence of 31. M. de
Thiard, September 11 and 25, November 20, December 25 and 30, 1789.
[20] Buchez and Roux, V.304 (April, 1790). - "Archives Nationales,"
Papers of the committee of Investigation, DXXIX. I (note of M.
Latour-du-Pin, October 28, 1789) - ? Buchez and Roux, IV. 3
(December 1, 1789); IV. 390 (February, 1790); VI. 179 (April and
May, 1790).
[21] Mercure de France, Report of M. Emery, sitting of July 21,
1790, Number for July 32. -- "Archives Nationales," F7, 3200.
Letter of the directory of Calvados, September 26 and October 20,
1791.
[22] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3207. Letter of the minister
Dumouriez, June 15, 1792. Report of M. Caillard, May 29, 1792.
[23] Mercure de France, No. for July, 1791 (sitting of the 6th);
Nos. for November 5 and 26, 1791.
[24] Albert Babeau, "Histoire de Troyes," vol. I. passim. -- "
Archives Nationales," F7, 3257. Address of the Directory of Saône-
et-Loire to the National Assembly, November 1, 1790. -- F7, 3200.
Letter of the Directory of Calvados, November 9, 1791. -- F 7,
3195. Minutes of the meeting of the municipality of Aix, March 1,
1792 (on the events of February 26th); letter of M. Villard,
President of the Directory, March 20, 1792. -- F7, 3220. Extracts
from the deliberations of the Directory of Gers, and a letter to the
King, January 28, 1792. Letter of M. Lafitau, President of the
Directory, January 30. (He was dragged along by his hair and
obliged to leave the town.)
[25] Mercure de France, No. for October 30, 1790.
[26] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3226. Letter of the directory of
Indre to M. Cahier, minister, December 6, 1791. -- Letter of M.
Delessart, minister, to the directory of Indre, December 31, 1791.
[27] Fabre, "Histoire de Marseille," II. 442. Martin had but 3,555
votes, when shortly after the National Guard numbered 24,000 men.
[28] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3196. Letter of the minister, M.
de Saint-Priest, to the President of the National Assembly, May 11,
1790.
[29] "Archives Nationales," F7 3196. Letters of the military
commandant, M. de Miran, March 6, 14, 30, 1790.
[30] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3196. Letter of M. de Bournissac,
grand-privot, March 6,1790.
[31] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3196. Letters of M. du Miran,
April 11th and 16th, and May 1, 1790.
[32] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3196. Procés-verbal of events on
the 30th of April.
[33] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3196. Letters of the Municipality
of Marseilles to the National Assembly, May 5 and 20, 1790.
[34] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3196. Order of the king, May10.
Letter of M. de Saint-Priest to the National Assembly, May 11.
Decree of the National Assembly, May 12. Letter of the Municipality
to the King. May 20. Letter of M. de Rubum, May 20. Note sent
from Marseilles, May 31. Address of the Municipality to the
President of the Friends of the Constitution, at Paris, May 5. In
his narration of the taking of the forts we read the following
sentence: "We arrived without hindrance in the presence of the
commandant, whom we brought to an agreement by means of the
influence which force, fear and reason give to persuasion."
[35] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3196, Letter of M. de Miran, May 5.
-- The spirit of the ruling party at Marseilles is indicated by
several printed documents joined to the dossier, and, among others,
by a "Requéte ŕ Desmoulins, procureur-général de la Lanterne." It
relates to a "patriotic inkstand," recently made out of the stones
of the demolished citadel, representing a hydra with four heads,
symbolizing the nobility, the clergy, the ministry and the judges.
"It is from the four patriotic skulls of the hydra that the ink of
proscription will he taken for the enemies of the Constitution.
This inkstand, cut out of the first stone that fell in the
demolition of Fort Saint-Nicolas, is dedicated to the patriotic
Assembly of Marseilles. The magic art of the hero of the liberty of
Marseilles, that Renaud who, under the mask of devotion, surprised
the watchful sentinel of Notre-Dame de la Garde, and whose manly
courage and cunning ensured the conquest of that key of the great
focus of counter-revolution, has just given birth to a new trait of
genius a new Deucalion, he personifies this stone which Liberty has
flung from the summit of our menacing Bastilles, etc."
[36] "Archives Nationales," F7. 3198. Letters of the royal
commissioners, April 13 and 5, 1791.
[37] De Ségur, "Memoires," III, 482 (early in 1790).
[38] De Dampmartin, I. 184 (January, 1791).
[39] "Archives Nationales," KK, 1105. Correspondence of M. de
Thiard (October 12, 1789).
[40] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3250. Minutes from the meeting of
the directory of the department. March 28, 1792. "As the ferment
was at the highest point and fears were entertained that greater
evils would follow, M. le Président, with painful emotion declared
that he yielded and passed the unconstitutional act." Reply of the
minister, June 23: " If the constituted authorities are thus forced
to yield to the arbitrary will of a wild multitude, government no
longer exists and we are in the saddest stage of anarchy. If you
think it best I will propose to the King to reverse your last
decision."
[41] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3250. Letter of M. Duport,
minister of justice, December 24, 1791.
[42] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3248, Report of the members of the
department, finished March 18, 1792. -- Buchez and Roux, IX. 240
(Report of M. Alquier).
[43] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268. Extract from the
deliberations of the directory of Seine-et-Oise, with the documents
relating to the insurrection at Etampes, September 16, 1791. Letter
of M. Venard, administrator of the district, September 20 -- " I
shall not set foot in Etampes until the re-establishment of order
and tranquility, and the first thing I shall do will be to record
my resignation in the register. I am tired of making sacrifices,
for ungrateful wretches."
[44] Moniteur, March 16, 1792. -- Mortimer-Ternaux, "Histoire de la
Terreur" (Proceedings against the assassins of Simoneau), I. 381.
[45] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3226. Letter and memorandum of
Chenantin, cultivator, November 7, 1792. Extract from the
deliberations of the directory of Langeais, November 5, 1792
(sedition at Chapelle-Blanche, near Langeais, October 5, 1792).
[46] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3105. Report of the commissioners
sent by the National Assembly and the King, February 23, 1791. (On
the events of December 12 and 14, 1790) -- Mercure de France,
February 29, 5791. (Letters from Aix, and notably a letter from
seven officers shut up in prison at Aix, January 30, 1791.) The
oldest Jacobin Club formed in February, 1790, was entitled "(Club
des vrais amis de la Constitution." The second Jacobin club, formed
in October, 1790, was "composed from the beginning of artisans and
laborers from the faubourgs and suburbs." Its title was" Société des
frères anti-politiques," or "frères vrais, justes et utiles ŕ la
patrie." The opposition club, formed in December, 1790, bore the
title, according to some, of "Les Amis du Roi, de la paix et de la
religion;" according to others, "Les amis de la paix;" and finally,
according to another report, "Les Défenseurs de la religion, des
personnes et des proprietés."
[47] A special series of religious services. (TR)
[48] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3195. Letters of the commissioners,
March 20, February 11, May 10, 1791.
[1] The expression is that of Jean Bon Saint-André to Mathieu Dumas,
sent to re-establish tranquillity in Montauban (1790): "The day of
vengeance, which we have been awaiting for a hundred years, has
come!"
[2] De Dampmartin, I. 187 (an eye-witness).
[3] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3223 and 3216. Letters of M. de
Bouzols, major general, residing at Montpellier, May 21, 25, 28,
1790.
[4] Mary Lafon, "Histoire d'une Ville Protestante ".(with original
documents derived from the archives of Montauban).
[5] Archives Nationales," F7, 2216. Procés-verbal of the
Municipality of Nîmes and report of the Abbé de Belmont. - Report
of the Administrative commissioners, June 28, 1790. - Petition of
the Catholics, April 20. - Letters of the Municipality, the
commissioners, and M. de Nausel, on the events of May 2 and 3. -
Letter of M. Rabaut Saint-Etienne, May 12 - Petition of the widow
Gas, July 30. - Report (printed) of M. Alquier, February 19,
1791. - Memoir (printed) of the massacre of the Catholics at
Nîmes, by Froment (1790). - New address of the Municipality of
Nîmes, presented by M. de Marguerite, mayor and deputy (1790),
printed. Mercure de France, February 23, 1791.
[6] The petition is signed by 3,127 persons, besides 1560 who put a
cross declaring that they could not write. The counter-petition of
the club is signed by 262 persons.
[7] This last item, stated in M. Alquier's report, is denied by the
municipality. According to it, the red rosettes gathered around the
bishop's quarters had no guns.
[8] An insurrection in the sixteenth century, when the Protestants
fired on the Catholics on St. Michael's Day.-[TR.]
[9] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3216. Letter of M. de Lespin, Major
at Nîmes, to the commandant of Provence, M de Perigord, July 27,
1790: "The plots and conspiracies which were attributed to the
vanquished party, and which, it was believed, would be discovered in
the depositions of the four hundred men in prison, vanish as the
proceedings advance. The veritable culprits are to be found among
the informers.
[10] Buchez and Roux, III. 240 (Memorandum of the Ministers,
October 28, 1789). - " Archives Nationales," D, XXIX. 3.
Deliberation of the Municipal council of Vernon (November 4, 1789)
[11] "Archives Nationales," KK, 1105. correspondence of M. de
Thiard, November 4, 1789. - See similar occurrences, September 4,
October 23, November 4 and 19, 1789, January 27 and March 27, 1790
[12] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3257. Letter from Gex, May 29,
1790. - Buchez and Roux, VII. 198, 369 (September, October,
1790).
[13] "Archives Nationales," H. 1453. correspondence of M. de
Bercheny, Commandant of the four central provinces. Letters of May
25, June 11, 19, and 27, 1790. - " Archives Nationales," D.
XXIX. 4. Deliberations of the district administrators of Bourbon-
Lancy, May 26.
[14] "Archives Nationales," H. 2453. Minutes of the meeting of a
dozen parishes in Nivernais, June 4. "White bread is to be 2 sous,
and brown bread 11/2 sous. Husbandmen are to have 30 sous, reapers
10 sous, wheelwrights 10 sous, bailiffs 6 sous per league. Butter
is to be at 8 sous, meat at 5 sous, pork at 8 sous, oil at 8 sous
the pint, a square foot of masonry-work 40 sous, a pair of large
sabots 3 sous. All rights of pasturage and of forests are to he
surrendered. The roads are to be free everywhere, as formerly. All
seignorial rents arc to be suppressed. Millers are to take only one
thirty-second of a bushel. The seigneurs of our department are to
give up all servile holidays and ill-acquired property. The curé of
Bièze is simply to say mass at nine o'clock in the morning and
vespers at two o'clock in the afternoon, in summer and winter; he
must marry and bury gratis, it being reserved to us to pay him a
salary. He is to be paid 6 sous for masses, and not to leave his
curé except to repeat his breviary and make proper calls on the men
and women of his parish. Hats must be had from 3 livres to 30 sous.
Nails 3 livres the gross. Curés are to have none but circumspect
females of fifty for domestics. Curés are not to go to either fairs
or markets. All curés are to he on the same footing as the one at
Bièze. There must he no more wholesale dealers in wheat. Law
officers who make unjust seizures must return the money. Farm
leases must expire on St. Martin's Day. M. le Comte, although not
there, M. de Tontenelle, and M. de Commandant must sign this
document without difficulty. M. de Mingot is formally to resign his
place in writing: he went away with his servant-woman - he even
missed his mass on the first Friday of the Fête-Dieu, and it is
supposed that he slept in the woods. Joiners' wages shall he fixed
at the same rate as wheelwrights'. Ox-straps are not to cost over
40 sous, yokes 10 sous. Masters must pay one-half of the tailles .
Notaries are to take only the half of what they had formerly, as
well as comptrollers. The Commune claims the right of protest
against whatever it may have forgotten in the present article, in
fact or in law." (It is signed by about twenty persons, several of
them being mayors and municipal clerks.)
[15] "Archives Nationales," H. 1453. The same correspondence, May
29, June 11 and 17, September 15, 1790. - ibid, F7, 3257. Letter of
the municipal authorities of Marsigny, May 3; of the municipal
officers of Bourbon-Lancy, June 5. Extract from letters written to
M. Amelot, June 1st.
[16] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3185, 3186. Letter of the President
of the Tribunal of the district of Laon, February 8, 1792.
[17] "Archives Nationales F7, 3268. Procés-verbal and observations
of the two commissioners sent to Étampes September 22-25, 1791.
[18] "Archives Nationales F7, 3265. The following document, among
many others, shows the expedients and conceptions of the popular
imagination. Petition of several inhabitants of the commune of
Forges (Seine Inférieure) "to the good and incorruptible Minister of
the Interior" (October 16, 1792). After three good crops in
succession, the famine still continues. Under the ancient régime
wheat was superabundant; hogs were fed with it, and calves were
fattened with bread. It is certain, therefore, that wheat is
diverted by monopolists and the enemies of the new regime. The
farms are too large; let them he divided. There is too much
pasture-ground: sow it with wheat. Compel each farmer and land-
owner to give a statement of his crop: let the quantity be published
at the church service, and in case of falsehood let the man be put
to death or imprisoned, and his grain he confiscated. Oblige all
the cultivators of the neighborhood to sell their wheat at Forges
only, etc."
[19] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268. Report of the commissioners
sent by the department, March 11, 1792 (apropos of the insurrection
of March 4). - Mortimer-Ternaux, I. 381.
[20] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268. Letters of several mayors,
district administrators, cultivators of Velizy, Villacoublay, La
celle-Saint-Cloud, Montigny, etc. November 12, 1791. - Letter of
M. de Narbonne, January 13, 1792; of M. Sureau, justice of the peace
in the canton of Étampes, September 17, 1791. - Letter of
Bruyères-le-Châtel, January 28, 1792.
[21] A term applied to brigands at this epoch who demand money and
objects of value, and force their delivery by exposing the soles of
the feet of their victims to a fire. - [TR.]
[22] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3203. Letter of the Directory of
Cher, August 25, 1791. - F7, 3240. Letter of the Directory of
Haute Marne, November 6, 1791. - F7, 3248. Minutes of the
meeting of the members of the department of the Nord, March 18,
1791. - F7, 3250. Minutes of the meeting of the municipal
officers of Montreuil-sur-Mer, October 16, 1791. - F7, 3265.
Letter of the Directory of Seine Infereure, July 22, 1791. - D,
XXIX. 4. Remonstrances of the municipalities assembled at Tostes,
July 21, 1791. - Petition, of the municipal officers of the
districts of Dieppe, Cany, and Caudebec, July 22, 1791.
[23] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268 and 3269, passim.
[24] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268 and 3269, passim.
Deliberations of the Directory of Seine-et-Oise, September 20, 1791
(apropos of the insurrection. September 16, at Étampes). -
Letter of Charpentier, president of the district, September 19. -
Report of the Department Commissioners, March 11, 1792 (on the
insurrection at Brunoy, March 4.) - Report of the Department
Commissioners, March 4, 1792 (on the insurrection at Montlhéry,
February 13 to 20). - Deliberation of the Directory of Seine-et-
Oise, September 16, 1791 (on the insurrection at Corbeil). -
Letters of the mayors of Limours, Lonjumeau, etc.
[25] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268 and 3269, passim. - Minutes of
the meeting of the Municipality of Montlhéry, February 28, 1792: "We
cannot enter into fuller details without exposing ourselves to
extremities which would be only disastrous to us." - Letter of the
justice of the peace of the canton, February 25: "Public outcry
teaches me that if I issue writs of arrest against those who
massacred Thibault, the people would rise."
[26] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268 and 3269, passim. Reports of
the gendarmerie, February 24, 1792, and the following days. -
Letter of the sergeant of Limours, March 2; of the manager of the
farm of Plessis-le-Comte, February 23.
[27] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268 and 3269, passim. - Memorandum
to the National Assembly by the citizens of Rambouillet, September
17, 1792.
[28] "Archives Nationales," F7 3268 and 3269, Passim. Minutes of
the meeting of the Municipality of Montlhéry, February 27, 1792. -
Buchez and Roux, XIII. 421, (March, 1792); and XIII., 317. -
Mercure de France, February 25, 1792. (Letters of M. Dauchy,
President of the Directory of the Department; of M. de Gouy,
messenger sent by the minister, etc.) - Moniteur, sitting of
February 15, 1792.
[29] Decree of September 3, 1792.
[30] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268 and 3269. Petition of the
citizens of Montfort-l'Amaury, Saint-Léger, Gros-Rouvre, Gelin,
Laqueue, and Méré, to the citizens of Rambouillet.
[31] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3230. Letter of an administrator of
the district of Vendôme, with the deliberation of the commune of
Vendôme, November 24, 1792.
[32] Archives Nationales," F7, 3255. Letter of the administrators
of the Department of Seine-Inférieure, Octobers 23, 1792. -
Letters of the Special Comittee of Rouen, October 22 and 23, 1792:
"The more the zeal and patriotism of the cultivators is stimulated,
the more do they seem determined to avoid the market-places, which
are always in a State of absolute destitution."
[33] Archives Nationales," F7, 3265. Letter of David, a cultivator,
October 20, 1792. - Letter of the Department Administrators,
October 13, 1792, etc. - Letter (printed) of the minister to the
convention, November 4. - Proclamation of the Provisional
Executive council, October 31, 1792. (The setier of grain of two
hundred and forty pounds is sold at 60 francs in the south, and at
half that sum in the north.)
[34] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3255. Letters of Bonnemant,
September 11, 1792; of Laussel, September 22, 1792.
[35] "Archives Nationales," H, 1453. Correspondence of M. de
Bercheny, July 28, October 24 and 26, 1790. - The same
disposition lasted. An insurrection occurred in Issoudun after the
three days of July, 1830, against the combined imposts. Seven or
eight thousand wine growers burnt the archives and tax-offices and
dragged an employee through the streets, shouting out at each
street-lamp, "Let him be hung!" The general sent to repress the
outbreak entered the town only through a capitulation; the moment he
reached the Hôtel-de-Ville a man of the Faubourg de Rome put his
pruning-book around his neck, exclaiming, "No more clerks where
there is nothing to do!"
[36] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3203. Letter of the Directory of
Cher, April 9, 1790. - Ibid, F7, 3255. Letter of August 4, 1790.
Verdict of the présidial, November 4, 1790. - Letter of the
Municipality of Saint-Etienne, August 5, 1790.
[37] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3248. Letter of M. Sénac de
Mejlhan, April 10, 1790. - Letter of the grands baillis, June 30,
1790.
[38] Buchez and Roux, VI. 403. Report of Chabroud on the
insurrection at Lyons, July 9 and 10, 1790. - Duvergier,
"Collection des Décrets." Decrees of August 4 and 15, 1790.
[39] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3255. Letter of the Minister, July
2, 1790, to the Directory of Rhône-et-Loire. "The King is informed
that, throughout your department, and especially in the districts of
Saint-Etienne and Montbrison, license is carried to the extreme;
that the judges dare not prosecute; that in many places the
municipal officers are at the head of the disturbances; and that, in
others, the National Guard do not obey requisitions." - Letter of
September 5, 1790. "In the bourg of Thisy, brigands have invaded
divers cotton-spinning establishments and partially destroyed them
and after having plundered them, they have sold the goods by public
auction."
[40] Buchez and Roux, VI. 345. Report of M. Muguet, July 1, 1790.
[41] Minutes of the meeting of the National Assembly. (Sitting of
October 24, 1789.) - Decree of September 27, 1789, applicable the
1st of October. There are other alleviations applicable on the 1st
of January, 1790.
[42] Mercure de France, February 27, 1790. (Memorandum of the garde
des sceaux, January 16. - Observations of M. Necker on the report
made by the Financial committee, at the sitting of March 12, 1790.
[43] "Archives Nationales," H, 1453. Correspondence of M. de
Bercheny, April 24, May 4 and 6, 1790: "It is much to be feared that
the tobacco-tax will share the fate of the salt-tax."
[44] Mercure de France, July 31, 1790 (sitting of July 10.) M.
Lambert, Comptroller General of the Finances, informs the Assembly
of "the obstacles which continual outbreaks, brigandage, and the
maxims of anarchical freedom impose, from one end of France to the
other, on the collection of the taxes. On one side, the people are
led to believe that, if they stubbornly refuse a tax contrary to
their rights, it abolition will be secured. Elsewhere, smuggling is
openly carried on by force; the people favor it, while the National
Guards refuse to act against the nation. In other places hatred is
excited, and divisions between the troops and the overseers at the
toll-houses: the latter are massacred, the bureaus are pillaged, and
the prisons are forced open." - Memorandum from M. Necker to the
National Assembly, July 21, 1790.
[45] Decrees of March 21 and 22, 1790, applicable April 21
following. - Decrees of February 19 and March 2, 1791, applicable
May 1 following.
[46] De Goncourt, "La Societé Française pendant la Révolution," 204.
- Maxime Du Camp, "Paris, sa vie et ses organes," VI. 11.
[47] "Compte des Revenus et Dépenses au 1er Mai, 1789." -
Memorandum of M. Necker, July 21, 1790. - Memoranda presented by
M. de Montesquiou, September 9, 1791. - Comptes-rendus by the
minister, Clavières, October 5, 1792, February 1, 1792. - Report
of Cambon, February, 1793.
[48] Boivin-Champeaux, 231.
[49] Mercure de France, May 28, 1791. (Sitting of May 22.) -
Speech of M. d'Allarde: "Burgundy has paid nothing belonging to
1790."
[50] Moniteur, sitting of June 1, 1790. Speech by M. Freteau. -
Mercure de France. November 26, 1791. Report by Lafont-Ladebat.
[51] "Archives Nationales," H, 2453. correspondence of M. de
Bercheny, June 5, 1790, etc. - F7, 3226. Letters of Chenantin,
cultivator, November 7, 1792, also of the prosecuting attorney ,
November 6. - F7, 3269. Minutes of the meeting of the
municipality of Clugnac, August 5th, 1792. - F7, 3202. Letter of
the Minister of Justice, Duport, January 3, 1792. "The utter
absence of public force in the district of Montargis renders every
operation of the Government and all execution of the laws
impossible. The arrears of taxes to be collected is here very
considerable, while all proceedings of constraint are dangerous and
impossible to execute, owing to the fears of the bailiffs, who dare
not perform their duties, and the violence of the tax-payers, on
whom there is no check."
[52] Report of the Committee on Finances, by Ramel, 19th Floréal,
year II (The Constituent Assembly had fixed the real tax of a house
at one-sixth of its letting value.)
[53] Mercure de France, December 12, 1789. - "Archives
Nationales," F7, 3268. Memorandum from the officers in command of
the detachment of the Paris National Guard stationed at Conflans-
Sainte-Honorine (April, 1790). Certificate of the Municipal
Officers of Poissy, March 31.
[54] Mercure de France, March 12 and 26, 1791. - "Archives
Nationales," H, 1453. Letter of the police-lieutenant of Blois,
April 22, 1790. - Mercure de France, July 24, 1790. Two of the
murderers exclaimed to those who tried to save one of the keepers,
"Hanging is well done at Paris! Bah, you are aristocrats! We shall
be talked about in the gazettes of Paris." (Deposition of
witnesses.) - Decrees and proclamations regarding the protection
of the forests, November 3 and December 11, 1789. - Another in
October, 1790. - Another June 29, 1791.
[55] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3219. Letter of the bailli de
Virieu, January 26, 1792.
[56] Mercure de France, December 3, 1791. (Letter from Sarreluis,
November 15, 1791.) - "Archives Nationales," F7, 3223. Letter of
the Municipal Officers of Montargis. January 8, 1792.
[57] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3268. Letter of the overseer of the
national domains at Rambouillet, October 31, 1792. - Report of
the minister Clavières, February 1. 1793.
[58] Decrees of August 14, 1792, June 10, 1793. - " Archives
Nationales," Missions des Représentants, D, § 7. (Deliberation of
the district of Troyes, 2 Ventose, an. III.) - At Thunelières,
the drawing took place on the 10th Fructidor, year II, and was done
over again in behalf of a servant of Billy, an influential municipal
officer who "was the soul of his colleagues." - Ibid. Abstract of
operations in the district of Arcis-sur-Aube, 30 Pluviose, year III.
"Two-thirds of the communes hold this kind of property. Most of
them have voted on and effected the partition, or are actually
engaged on it.
[59] Mercure de France, January 7, 1790. (Chateau of Auxon in
Haute-Saone.) - "Archives Nationales," F7, 3255. (Letter of the
minister to the Directory of Rhone-et-Loire, July 2, 1790.) -
Mercure de France, July 17, 1790. (Report of M. de Broglie, July
13, and decree of July 13-18.) - "Archives Nationales," H, 1453.
(Correspondence of M. de Bercheny, July 21, 1790.)
[60] Mercure de France, March 19, 1790. Letter from Amien, February
28. (Mallet du Pan publishes in the Mercure only letters which are
signed and authentic.)
[61] "Archives Nationales," KK, 1105. (Correspondence of M. de
Thiard; letters of Chevalier de Bévy, December 26, 1789, and others
up to April 5, 1790.) - Moniteur, sitting of February 9, 1790. -
Mercure de France, February 6 and March 6, 1790 (list of chateaux).
[62] "Archives Nationales," KK, 1105. (correspondence of M. de
Thiard.) Letters of the Mayor of Nantes, February 16, !790, of the
Municipality of Redon, February 19, etc.
[63] Mercure de France, February 6 and 27, 1790. (Speech of M. de
Foucault, sittings of February 2 and 5) - Moniteur (same dates).
(Report of Grégoire, February 9; speeches by MM. Sallé de Chaux and
de Noailles, February 9.) - Memorandum of the deputies of the town
of Tulle, drawn up by the Abbé Morellet (from the deliberations and
addresses of eighty-three boroughs and cities in the province).
[64] In allusion to the feudal custom of paying seignorial dues on
the first of May around a maypole. See further on. [TR]
[65] Criminal Courts without appeal.-[TR.)
[66] Moniteur, sitting of March 4, 1790. - Duvergier, decrees of
March 6, 1790, and August 6-10 1790
[67] The address is dated February 11, 1793. This singularly comic
document would alone suffice to make the history of the Revolution
perfectly comprehensible.
[68] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3203. (Letters of the royal
commissioner, April 30 and May 9, 1790.) - Letter of the Duc de
Maillé, May 6. - Report from the administrators of the
department, November 12, 1790. - Moniteur VI. 515.
[69] "Archives Nationales," F7, 3225. Letter of the Directory from
Ille-et-Vilaine, January 30, 1791, and letter from Dinan, January 29
- Mercure de France, April 2 and 16, 1791. Letters from Rennes,
March 20th; from Redon, March 12.
[70] So expressed in the minutes of the meeting.
[71] Moniteur, sitting of December 15, 1790. (Address of the
department of Lot, December 7.) - Sitting of December 20 (Speech
by M. de Foucault.) - Mercure de France, December 18, 1790.
(Letter from Belves, in Perigord, December 7.) - Ibid., January
22, 29, 1791. (Letter from M. de Clarac, January 18.)
[72] December 17, 1790.
[73] January 7, 1791.
[74] Revolutionary archives of the department of Creuse, by Duval.
(Letter of the administrators of the department, March 31, 1791.) -
" Archives Nationales," F7, 3209. (Deliberation of the Directory of
the Department, May 12, 1791 - Minutes of the meeting of the
municipality of La Souterraine, August 23, 1791.)
[75] "Archives Nationales", F7, 3269. - Order of the directory of
the district of Ribérac, August 5, 1791, and requisitions of the
prosecuting attorney of the department, August 24, and September 11.
- Letter of the king's commissioner, August 22.
[76] A sort of export duty.-[TR.]